Metal building construction



Oct. 29, 1935. w BAYLEY 2,019,041

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed NOV. 10, 1950 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 -20 J we Fm .Z 3

$4 a X192 90 Z 8: go Mk i L 88 ATTORNEYS Oct. 29, 1935. w D BAYLEY 2,019,041

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 10, 1930 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 no 3 no H0 BN VENTOR ATTORNEYS Oct. 29, 1935. w D, BAYLEY 2,019,041

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 10, 1930 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEYS W. D. BAYLEY Oct. 29, 1935.

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Cd. 29, 1935. w D BAYLEY 2,019,041

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 10, 1950 Q a g 1 l8 a I l I I L L I 92, INV-NTOR ATTORNEYS 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 W D BAYLEY Oct. 29, 1935.

CONSTRUCTION METAL BUILDING Filed Nov. 10, 1950 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS W. Dv BAYLEY Oct. 29, 1935.

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 8 Sheets-Sheet Filed NOV. 10, 1930 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Oct. 29, 1935. w D. EY I 2,019,041

METAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FilGdNOV. 10, 1930 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 29, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 11 Claims.

This invention relates to metal building construction and particularly to improvements in houses for brooding chicks, young poultry or small animals; it more particularly relating to houses constructed of sheet metal, although some of the features are not necessarily limited to such a house.

In the brooding of chicks in sheet metal houses having uninsulated side walls, one of the objections is the repelling of the chicks from the area adjacent the side wall. This is due partly to the chilling effect of the metal walls which are good conductors of heat, and partly to the down currents of cooled air along the cold side walls. In such a house it is necessary in order to prevent crowding and possible suffocation of the weaker chicks to either reduce the number of chicks per square foot of floor area or increase the area of the house proportionately to the untenantable space.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of means to make the zone near the bottom of the side walls comfortable for the chicks so that the entire floor area may be utilized for brooding 25 purposes with the result that a larger number of individual chicks, or other creatures, may be safe- 1y reared per square foot of floor area; a further and more specific object in this connection being to provide means for insulating the side walls against outside cold temperature and provide a covering for the walls which is a poor conductor of heat, and to also provide further means for preventing the colder draft-ridden air in the house from circulating to the area occupied by the chicks near the side walls and elsewhere on the floor, and to also further provide for directing the warm air from the heater radially adjacent the floor line to the area adjacent the side Walls, whereby the area adjacent the side walls and floor may be maintained at a suitable temperature.

A further object of the invention is to provide desirable air movement and improved ventilating means for a house of this character.

A further object of the invention is the provision of improved means for supplying food and water to the occupants of the house in a way to save floor space and also to make provision for twenty-four hour per day feeding.

A further object is to provide an improved flooring construction whereby the sanitary conditions of the house are better and suffocation by crowding avoided.

A further object is to improve the canopy of the heater whereby the attendant may have more convenient access to the stove, and provide space for the attendant to walk around the stove without stepping on the raised wire floor when one is provided.

In the accompanying drawings: 5

Fig. 1 is a top plan view.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a still further enlarged fragmentary horizontal section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. "10

Fig. 4 is a front elevation.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a modified form of house construction.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged partial side elevation of a "15 detail of the house construction.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged partial vertical section on the line 8-8 of Fig. '7.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged partial horizontal section I on the line 9-9 of Fig. '7.

Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on the line Ill-l 0 of Fig. 4, showing the floor plan of the house.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged partial perspective view of a detail of the chick platform construction. N

Fig. 12 is an enlarged partial section onthe line lZ-IZ of Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged partial perspective view of a portion of a typical heating unit having in operable connection therewith a damper con-j trolling the admission of fresh air.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged vertical elevation showing, in detail, some of the parts illustrated in Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a further enlarged partial section on the line l5--l5 of Fig. 5, this, and several succeeding views showing indetail parts of the. feeding apparatus.

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 15, and in the same scale, having some of the parts in a different working position.

Fig.1? is anenlarged partial front elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 18 is a further enlarged fragmentary vertical section on the line l8-l8 of Fig. 1'7. I

Fig. 19 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section on the line l9--l9 of Fig. 17, the scale being the same as that in Fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is a view,-partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, of the preferred form of house, the portion in section being taken on the line 20-20 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged vertical section through the upper ventilating apparatus, the view being taken on the line 2l-2I of Fig. 1.

Fig. 22 is a further enlarged perspective view showing in greater detail a portion of the ventilating apparatus shown in Fig. 21.

Fig. 23 is a partial floor plan view similar in many respects to Fig. 10, with the exception that the chick platform construction is of a difierent nature, and is a modification of the preferred design.

Fig. 24 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section on the line 2424 of Fig. 23.

Fig. 25 is an enlarged vertical section on the radial line 2525.of Fig. 23.

Fig. 26 is an enlarged fragmentary view in perspective of a portion of the modified form of platform.

Fig. 27 is a plan view, enlarged, of the-canopy or hover.

Fig. 28 is a vertical section on the line 18-48 of Fig. 27.

Fig. 29 is a view similar to Fig. 28, with some of the parts in a different position.

Fig. 30 is .an enlarged vertical section on the line ,30,3B of Fig. 1, illustrating a modification of the feed trough lighting scheme.

Fig. 31 is a view, in reduced scale, showing a modification of means for providing wall insulation, together with a form of .baffle for incoming air, the view being a vertical section at substantially the same point as the section 2-,2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 32 is also a vertical section in reduced scale similar to Fig. 31 showing another form of the insulating means.

Fig. 33 is a fragmentary enlarged section on the line 3333 of Fig. 31.

Fig. 34 is a 'view inreduced scale, showing a modification of means for providing a baflle for ventilating air admitted through the walls, the same being a modification of the structure shown in Fig. 31.

Fig. 35 is a view showingthe baflie disclosed in Fig. 34, the same being in a different working position.

Referring to the drawings, and especially at this point, to Figs. 1, 4 and .5, the general character of the house is seen. The floor area is polygonal in outline, while the wall and roof are composed of a plurality of inwardly sloping sheets joined one to another. A door I for the use of the attendant is hingedly connected to a vertical panel 2 which is used in place of one of the plurality of shorter sloping side wall panels such as areindicated at 3, and in the side adjacent the door a vertical window panel 4 is used. The major portion of the window space is covered by a flexible light transmitting material which transmits the ultra-violet rays of the sun, and as the door consists of a frame to which a large amount .of the same ,materialis attached, it is preferable to soset the house thatthe .door and window face the sun. The window used in the present house does not differ materially from that shownin my Letters Patent No. 1,924,480, .dated August 29, 19.33 and since the specific construction of the door or its panel do not have a part in the present application, a detailed description of these parts will be dispensed with.

The use of a vertical entrance and front window bring about theprojection .of this part of the house from the other portions, and vertical side walls extending in a radial direction are utilized to enclose the projecting portion. This affords a large flat surface in which other windows, such as are indicated at 6 are fitted, one on each side of the projecting portion. In detail,

the preferable constructionof the windows ,is as follows: An opening is cut in the side wall 5, and at the two parallel, vertical sides, the sheet is turned back as indicated at 1, Fig. 9, behind which is placed a wooden strip 8, to which the light transmitting material 6 is tacked, and 5 over which a thin wooden batten is nailed, as at 9. At the upper and lower edges a similar provision is made, except that separate strips of sheet metal, In and II, are employed to hold the wooden strips l2 and I3 to which the light transmitting material is tacked, Fig. 8. For further protection against the weather a flashing strip I4 is nailed over the upper edge of the light transmitting material, its upper edge being inserted in the seam of the roof sheet l5 and the 5 side wall sheet 5.

The fioor of the house is of wood, as indicated at I 6, the shape being that of a regular polygon, in the present instance, of fourteen sides. The wooden floor is preferably covered by sheet metal, as at IT, and may be made in sections to provide a less bulky article for convenienoe in shipping. Around the edges of the floor battens l8 are secured, which not only add strength to the floor proper, but are arranged; to project outwardly to form a rabbet I9 on which the house itself is placed. This construction insures that the floor will remain dry, as the walls must drain to a lower point than the floor, and it is further advisable that the floor be set on timbers or any pieces of material that will allow a free circulation of air underneath. The house may be secured to the floor by nailing through the lower edges of the wall sheets, as shown at 20, Figs. 4 and 5. B6

The side wall sheets 3 are joined one to another by seams as shown in Fig. 3 where it will be seen that each of the wall sheets has one edge 2| turned up, and the opposite edge formed to pro-- vide a U-bend 22 into which the corresponding 10 edge 2! of the adjacent wall sheet is inserted, while small bolts 23 are employed at suitably spaced intervals to make a tight seam. The roof sheets 26 are secured to the wall sheets by bolts as shown in Fig. 2, in which it will be seen that 16 the upper edge 24 of the wall sheet is bent outwardly and downwardly on which the roof sheet is placed and secured by bolts 25.

The lower edges of the roof sheets 26 are turned down as at 26' to insure that water will I drain from the roof in a manner so as not to enter through ventilating apertures 27, Fig. 5, which are employed at the upper edges of a plurality of wall sheets. These orifices allow fresh air to enter the house and in order to control It the amount of air, a sliding damper 28 having similar apertures 29 is fitted over the apertured portion of each wall sheet.

In order to prevent cold air which may be entering the house through these ventilators from 50 flowing downwardly along the walls and to desirably direct any other air which because of any condition which has arisen, may be moving downward at the wall line, a series of deflector plates 3! are secured to the wall sheets at a suitable 95 point between the ventilators and the floor. These deflectors slope inwardly and preferably downwardly, and cause air flowing over the upper surface thereof, to be mixed and diffused with other air flowing from the heater, in a manner which will be described at a later point in the specification; the deflectors acting to provide a hovering space adjacent the walls and being hereinafter referred to as the wall hover.

A ventilator for a different purpose is erected at a higher point, preferably at the uppermost point at the house at the place where the roof sheets terminate. This ventilator allows the escape of air from the house, and is designed primarily for this purpose. This ventilator is best illustrated in Fig. 21, and follows the same general design as described in my Letters Patent referred to. Surrounding the stove pipe 3| is a larger pipe 32 secured in the upper cover sheet 33 of the ventilator. A flat damper 34 having a central orifice 35 is held by a clamping arrangement which is secured to the stove pipe, the stove pipe passing through the orifice 35. The clamp consists of two members 36 and 31 which are placed about the stove pipe and clamped thereto by the bolts 38. Each member 35 and 3'! has an extension 36 and 31 extending in opposite directions and each extension has passed therethrough a bolt 39 having thereon a washer 40, a spring 4|, and a nut 42. To the upper surface of the flat damper 34 a pair of vertical, slotted members 43 are secured, at diametrically opposite points. The damper is then held in frictional engagement with the clamping arrangement, as the bolts 39 pass through the slots of the members 43. When this portion of the ventilator is assembled, the damper 34 may be thrust upwardly to entirely close the pipe 32 at its lower end, or may be drawn downwardly, as shown in Fig. 21, to allow a full flow of air through the pipe 32. The normal tendency for upward flow through this pipe is accelerated by the comparative lightness of the heated air, and the cap 44 prevents the entrance of rain to the interior of the house; the cap 44 being supported by a series of spaced arms 44 projecting from the pipe 32.

At a central position on the floor of the house a small coal-burning stove 45 of the type known as a brooder stove is placed. The stove is equipped with a segmental sheet metal canopy whose shape conforms to that in long use for canopies or hovers intended for the purpose. One of the segments 46 of the canopy may be lifted up to assume a vertical position, as shown in Fig. 29, this being done to allow standing room for the attendant. As the attendant desires to move about the house, he merely rotates the canopy about the stove, the canopy resting and being supported by an annular ring 41 which is, in turn, supported on the upper portion of the stove. The canopy is formed of three fixed segments 48, bolted together, and the movable segment 46. Across the gap left for the reception of the segment 46 is secured a rod 49. The segment 45 is hingedly secured to this rod by means of a bail 5D, and the circular edge 45 rests on a strip 45" formed to correspond to the circular outline of the canopy, the strip 46" being secured to the inner edge of the sections 48 adjacent the gap, and when this segment is in place, the unbroken contour of the canopy is maintained. When the segment 46 is to be lifted, it is grasped by the outer edge and pulled far enough to bring the upper edge from under the canopy ring 5|, after which the segment is lifted to a vertical position.

Provision is made for the entrance of fresh air into the house under the control of a thermostat which is employed to control the heating unit. Referring to Figs. 13 and 14, 52 is an outwardly extending bracket, at the outer end of which a pair of thermostatic wafers 53 are secured. The wafers co-act with the beam 54 to operate the check draft 55 and damper 56, which are in general use with this type of stove, an

increase of heat near the wafers causing the beam 54 to move downwardly, opening the check draft and closing the damper 55 to reduce the fire. Inasmuch as fresh air may be admitted economically at a time when the heat is greatest, at

which time its necessity is most urgent, a fresh air damper 57 is arranged to open, and to close when the heat is at a lower point. To this end, a pipe 58 is inserted through the floor at a convenient point, through which pipe air from beneath the floor may flow into the house. This air,

which at times may be very cold, is discharged in the vicinity of the stove and immediately heated and therefore the chicks are not exposed to the harmful effects of the cold drafts of air. A lever 59, partly counterbalanced by a-weight 60 attached to its shorter end 59 is pivotally mounted at 6! on a bracket 52 attached to the bracket 52, the shorter end 59' bearing upwardly against the under side of the beam 54. Since it is only partly counterbalanced, the weight of the longer arm 59 and the damper 51 being slightly in excess of the remainder of the lever and weight, the lever will always be in contact with the beam 54 and move in accordance with the movements of the beam. Therefore, as the heat increases, the beam will move downwardly, pressing on the shorter end 59' of the lever 59 and cause the damper 51 to be lifted from the upper end of the fresh air pipe 58.

Circulation of air through the interior of the house is as follows: Air is admitted through the inlet 58 below the canopy in the desired quantity and the desired quantity of air is also admitted through the side walls at 29. The air entering the openings 29 flows down and is deflected by the wall line hover 3i! and in passing over the edge of this hover tends to create a suction therebeneath. The air. rises from below this hover because of the partial vacuum created and to replace this air, other air flows from beneath the stove canopy. Its natural inclination towards upward movement is modified and a tendency is initiated towards a movement in a horizontal direction to the space beneath the hover 30, thus providing newly admitted air which has been stove warmed, over the floor area, which under normal conditions of construction is covered with stove-ward moving, unwarmed air. This favorable condition is more pronounced at times when the need is greatest, i. e., when conditions of atmosphere and air movement (wind) outside affect air movement in the house as a result of the wall openings not having been newly adjusted when the Weather has changed. This lowdown stratum of floor air flowing from the heater towards the wall line hover also acts to prevent inflowing wall-admitted, cold air from reaching the floor before its contact with warmed air has been such as to warm it and slacken its momentum.

In order to insure a down flow of air from the openings 29 when the roof ventilator is open, a series of hinged or pivoted deflectors 28' are provided, as shown in Figs. 20, 30 and 31, these deflectors being swung to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 31 when it is desired to pass the major portion of the air from the openings 20 to the roof ventilator under certain conditions.

A modified means of hinging is provided in Figs. 34 and 35. This admits of adjustment as indicated by which some air is permitted to pass upward and out through the roof top opening while other is made to descend. The deflectors 29 are hingeably connected to straps i I8 and these straps are hingeably connected to ears 9 secured to the roof sheets 26". These deflectors may therefore be adjustable in any desired position ranging from that in which the entire air flow entering at the orifices 29 is deflected down- Wardly, as shown in the full lines in Fig. 34, to that in which most of the air so entering may flow along the roof sheets to the upper ventilator, this being indicated by the broken line position in the same figure. A still different position is seen in Fig. 35 in which the deflectors 29 have been adjusted to a substantially vertical position to a point removed from the vicinity of the roof sheets to the extent permissible by the length of the straps I I8. This permits of a divided flow of air entering at the orifices 29 and also affects the air circulation near the central portion of the house, part of the air flowing over the upper edge of the deflectors 29" to the upper ventilator and the remainder flowing downwardly. In both Figs. 34 and 35 the approximate direction of air flow is suggested by the arrows.

As above suggested, the usual air movement in the conventional form of ,house having vertical walls is down the vertical walls in a narrow stratum and across the floor also in a narrow stratum to the heater. By the use of the slanting walls employed, the walls are removed from the vertical line of down travel of the nearby admitted air, and therefore will have little or no effect in further robbing it of its heat such as would be the case if the air was brought in direct contact with the walls. Further, by the use of these slanting walls, the air intakes 29 are brought closer to the center of the structure, thus bringing the incoming cold air into more intimate contact with the warm air rising from the heater, thus expanding the cold air and reducing its downward momentum. While slanting walls of metal are shown and preferred for the reasons stated, the features of the invention are applicable, although somewhat differently, to houses with vertical walls and also to those whose walls are of material other than metal. Also, the exact location of the air intakes is not essential as their position may be changed somewhat without destroying the function and utility of the wall line hover. The position of these deflectors and their projection must be suited to the size and form of the building.

Inasmuch as the lower surface of the floor has contact with the out-of-doors and consequently may have a chilling eiTect upon the chicks, a raised platform or false fioor is provided, which has, in addition to the advantage that the chicks are elevated, the further advantage that, because it is constructed of a small-mesh woven. wire material the sanitary conditions are improved as the droppings fall through to the floor below, and also, in the event the chicks crowd or pile up, the lowermost are enabled tobreathe by thrusting their beaks downwardly through the meshes. A preferred form of platform floor is shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, while in Figs. 24, 25 and 26, a modification of the preferred form is illustrated. In both the preferred and modified forms, the platform floor is constructed of a plurality of comparatively small, easily handled sections, their number being the same as that of the sides of the house. The sections are alike, and when placed in position, the entire floor is covered with the exception of the central portion near the stove. The height of a platform may vary from the'inner end, indicated at 63, Fig. 11, to the height shown at 64, Fig. 11,

which provides that the ends 64, which are placed against the wall, will have a greater elevation, while the inner ends 63 are of much less elevation, and allows an easy ascent of the smaller chicks to the upper portions of the platforms. Each section, in the preferred form, employs a Wooden stringer 65 approximately triangular in elevation, and a formed metallic stringer 66, each of which extend in a radial direction. The balance of the frame consists of a chordal strip 61, at the higher end, a central wooden brace 68, correspondingly lower in height, and an inner wooden chordal member 69 laid flatwise to serve as a ramp or approach. The upper edge of the metallic stringer 66 is formed with a horizontally turned U-band, as at 66', Figs. 11 and 12, into which the edge of the woven wire material is inserted and secured by clamping or soldering. The other radial edge of the ma terial is tacked to the wooden stringer 65, while the outer and inner chordal edges are secured to the members 61 and 69, respectively. The metallic stringer 66 is so formed, however, that the U-bend extends outwardly so as to overlap or lie over the adjacent tacked edge of the woven wire material, as a protection for the feet of the chickens, since at the junction of the regularly meshed wires with the radially extending wooden stringers in which the wire mesh is secured to the upper edge of the stringer, triangles are formed in which the toes of the chicks may be caught. The smaller of these triangles that occur on the metallic stringer side and which because of their size are dangerous are closed by soldering and thus rendered harmless. The overlapping U-bend, being higher than the wire mesh on the wooden stringer side, guards its small openings. The section of platform nearest the entrance door is provided with a foot portion for a man by the addition of a number of radially-extending braces 10, Figs. 10 and 12.

In the modified form of platform, use is made of welded metallic frames to which the woven wire material is soldered. Referring to Figs. 23, 24, 25 and 26,- it will be seen that each frame consists of a pair of rods 1|, square in cross section and radially disposed'end pieces 12 and 13, extending in a chordal direction, and a brace 14 near the central portion of the frame. These frames are supported above the floor on separate metallic stringers each composed of similar right and left hand formed sheet metal members 15 and 16, joined back to back by bolts 11 to provide an I-beam effect with a channel on its upper surface to receive the frame members. The difference in height of the stringer pieces, from inner to outer end, provides the necessary desired elevation to these platforms. The inner ends of the frames are also supported on a sheet metal member 18 formed as best shown in Fig. 26. These members are alike, one end, 19, being in the form of an extended tab, which is placed under the corresponding opposite end 80, and a bolt passed through. When the proper number are joined together, a polygonal ring is provided, and by the slope of the portion 18, a ramp effect is produced. The inner end of the frame is supported in a rabbet 8!, which of course extends entirely around the ring. This ring not only serves as a ramp, but also acts to prevent the displacement of the frames, as these latter are placed with their higher ends against the walls.

In certain of the wall sheets, at convenient heights, feeding apparatus is provided, one each being preferably installed in adjacent wall sheets for reasons which will appear in the description. In Fig. 1 two pairs of the feeders are shown, although it will be understood that a larger number may be used, if desired. Referring to Fig. 15, which is an enlarged vertical section through one of the feeders, it will be seen that the feeder is of the magazine type in which a large amount of food may be placed in the hopper portion 82 from which it gravitates to the trough 83, the amount being limited by the space beneath the inclined inner hopper wall 85, and the bottom sheet 85 of the hopper. An outer wall 86 and side walls 81 complete the hopper construction, the open top being closed by the cover 88. The cover 88 is provided with downturned edges 89, while a U-bend 90 rests over an upwardly turned flange 9| formed on the upper edge of an opening which is cut in the side wall sheet 3 which design insures the proper shedding of all rain or other water. On the upper edge of the main trough 83 an auxiliary trough 92 is hung, supported by straps 92' which are hinged to the lower wall of the opening in the wall sheet by forming the straps with eyes and perforating the wall sheet to provide pintles. The auxiliary trough is further braced and positioned by adjustable slotted. straps 93 pivotally secured at each end of the trough. This trough 92, and also the feed hopper itself are as long as can conveniently be arranged in the width of a wall sheet, in order to accommodate a large number of chicks feeding at the same time.

The very young chicks are enabled to feed from the main trough by standing on a wooden strip I 94 which is placed in the trough 92, which is later taken out as the chicks increase in size. Crowding is avoided by placing welded wire grids in front of the feeder, the uppermost of which 95 is slidably arranged over the lower grid 96 so that the grid bars 97 will coincide to allow the full opening, or, as shown in Fig. 17, the grid bars 91 of the upper grid are spaced approximately midway over the bars 98 of the lower grid, with the result that the smallest space possible is presented. The position as shown in Fig. 17 is the preferred arrangement for the very small chicks, while the coinciding position is necessary for the larger chickens. As the chicks increase in size, the function of the auxiliary trough 92 becomes that of a food conserving trough, as the food which is picked out by the chickens is caught therein. For the partly grown chicks the trough 92 is elevated, as shown in Fig. 16, while the upper grid is shifted to provide room for their heads, reducing the number of usable openings by half. For full grown chicks (when the house is utilized for year round living) the necessary increased height is secured through the removal of the wire floor.

In the side walls 81 of the feed hopper, and at opposite ends of the feed trough 83, small windows I are placed. This is for the purpose of attract-.

ing the chicks to the feed so long as there is sufficient daylight, and for night feeding, a lantern IIII or other suitable source of artificial light is suspended or placed between the pairs of feeders, I02 being a shield to protect the lanterns from the effects of winds, and to confine and utilize its light.

By having a lighted feed trough arranged at a distance from the heater, the chicks are attracted to the cooler area of the house and are induced to exercise by feeding and thus consume a. larger quantity of food than heretofore.

A modified form of lighting arrangement is The side walls of the house are insulated, there being suitable material I98, such as slaters felt, attached to the inner sides, as shown in Fig. 2, and, as a protection against picking by the chicks, the insulation may be provided with a covering of sheet metal I09 which extends upwardly from the floor to a suitable height. The employment of insulation of the lower interior portion of the walls and the deflection of the down currents of cooled air are each alone and together features insuring a comfortable temperature for the chicks in the area adjacent the side walls. The inward slope of the walls is a material aid in creating a temperature condition different from that of the ordinary house. The downward flow of cool air currents in the brooder starts from positions advanced centerward and does not have a tendency to follow the walls and lower down it is deflected from the central heater and under some conditions causes a radial flow of a portion of the o centrally admitted air along the floor outwardly to the side walls. This advance position which the slanting walls give the wall-admitted air cannot fail to minimize the effects of its coldness upon the chick living areas.

A series of protected holes 3 allows condensed vapor to drain out of the house, sufficient space being left between the side wall, its insulation and the, sheet metal covering to permit the condensed vapor to drain through 0 the holes.

In Fig. 31 there is shown a modification in the manner of insulating the walls and in the arrangement of the deflector. In this case sheet metal sections I II are employed which are spaced away sufficiently from the side walls to permit of an insulation of air and in addition wooden strips I I2 are attached to the inner sides of the sheet metal strips II I with which the chicks may come in direct contact, these wooden strips being poor conductors of heat and therefore have little or no chilling effect upon the chicks. The deflector, indicated at 30, in this case is secured to an outturned flange at the H9 in wall sheets as upper end of the sheet metal strip III by stove will hang down in the dotted line position shown in Fig. 31 for shipping purposes. A strip of wood H5 is used as a spacer between the side walls and the sheet metal I I I, with sufficient space between the wood and the metal to allow for drainage of the condensed moisture.

In Fig. 32 another form of the manner of providing wall insulation is shown in which the lower interior surfaces of the wall sheets 3 are covered by an insulating material II'I, such as asbestos paper over which is placed a covering I I6; such as cotton cloth, for protection against pick-- ing by the chicks, and the whole treated with a hard drying paint which impregnates the pores both of the cloth and paper. This form of insulation is also a poor conductor of heat and. offers '5 no chilling effect to the chicks coming in contact therewith.

A modification in the form of the house is shown in Fig. 6, in which form the front entrance door I and door panel 2" and front window panel (not shown) slope inwardly in the same degree of inclination as that of the wall sheets. With this construction there is to be found a slight saving in material over the amount required for the straight front house;

A further advantage of the sloping wall principle, in both the preferred and modified forms, is that a large amount of floor space is available, while the amount of heat required is low, since the cubical contents or volume is lower as compared to houses having vertical walls and roofs of ordinary slope.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a structure of the character described, a house having sheet metal side walls, inclined inwardly in an upward direction, means for insulating said walls against outside temperature, a central stove in said house, means above the stove to deflect heated air outwardly adjacent the floor line, and means above the floor of said house to deflect toward the center of the house down currents of air flowing adjacent the inner surface of said wall.

2. In a structure of the character described, a house having sheet metal side walls, means for insulating said walls against outside temperature, a stove in said house, a canopy arranged about said stove above the floor line, and a downwardly and inwardly inclined deflector above the floor of said house to deflect toward the stove and canopy down currents of cooled air flowing adjacent the inner suriace of said walls, the deflection of said cooled air acting upon the currents of warm air from said canopytov cause a portion of the same to flow along the floor line to the area adjacent the side walls.

3. In a structure of the character described, a house having sheet metal walls, means for insulating said walls against outside temperature, a centrally arranged stove in said house having a'canopy above the floor line, and a downwardly and inwardly inclined deflector for deflecting from the side walls at a point above the down currents of cool air and causing currents of warm air to flow from the canopy to the area adjacent the side walls.

4. In a brooder house, an enclosure having side walls which slant inwardly from bottom to top, air inlets adjacent the upper ends of said walls, a central heater in said enclosure, and downwardly and inwardly inclined air deflecting means below said air inlets.

5. In a brooder house, an enclosure having side air inlets adjacent the upper ends of said walls, a central heater in said enclosure, downwardly and inwardly inclined air deflecting means below said air inlet means, and an additional air deflecting means arranged to be positioned in 5 line with said air inlets.

6. In a brooder house, an enclosure having side walls which slant inwardly from bottom to top, and a roof which inclines upwardly to a central point, air inlets arranged adjacent the upper ends of said side walls, a ventilator for the escape of air arranged in the central portion of the roof, a downwardly and inwardly inclined air deflector on the side walls below the air inlets, and an additional air deflector arranged to be positioned in line with said air inlets.

7 In a brooder house, an enclosure having side walls which slant inwardly from bottom to top, and a roof which inclines upwardly to a central point, air inlets arranged adjacent the upper ends of said side walls, a ventilator for the escape of air arranged in the central portion of the roof, a downwardly and inwardly inclined air deflector on the side walls below the air inlets, and an additional air deflector arranged to be positioned in line with said air inlets, a heater in said house and an air inlet in the floor adjacent the heater.

8. In a brooder for chicks, a sectional platform, each section having a side wooden stringer and aside metallic stringer, said metallic stringer having a U-bend at its upper side arranged to overlap an adjacent wood stringer, and wire mesh secured to the upper surface of the wooden stringer and in the U-bend of the metallic stringer.

9. In a brooder for chicks, a sectional platform, each section having two side stringers, one arranged to overlap the adjacent stringer, wire mesh secured to both stringers, and chordal strips connecting the tops and bottoms of said stringers.

10. In a brooding house having a feed or water opening, a feed trough supported on the outside of said opening, a movable support for young chicks extending in the direction of the length of the trough beneath said opening on the inf terior of the house, and means for holding said support in line with the lower portion of said opening.

11. In a brooding house having a feed opening,

a feed trough supported on the outside of said opening, a movable support accessible to young chicks beneath said opening on the interior or the house, and means for holding said support in line with said opening, said support being 015 trough-like form to act as a food conserver w n in loweredv position.

WILLIAM D. BAYLEY'. 

